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{"id":157,"date":"2017-09-04T05:19:18","date_gmt":"2017-09-04T05:19:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ryu.ro\/?p=157"},"modified":"2017-11-12T13:21:41","modified_gmt":"2017-11-12T13:21:41","slug":"maneaua-din-palat-cocina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ryu.ro\/2017\/09\/04\/maneaua-din-palat-cocina\/","title":{"rendered":"Maneaua. Din palat \u00een cocin\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

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Poate c\u0103 azi ar putea p\u0103rea surprinz\u0103tor pentru mult\u0103 lume, \u00eens\u0103, la origine, maneaua este un gen muzical cult. Era o muzic\u0103 instrumental\u0103 interpretat\u0103 la curtea sultanului \u0219i pe la alte cur\u021bi domne\u0219ti \u00een vremea Imperiului Otoman. Printre cei care au compus \u0219i au cules c\u00e2ntece otomane ce pot fi asemuite manelei culte a fost \u0219i Dimitrie Cantemir (Kantemiro\u011flu \u2013\u201eFiul lui Cantemir\u201d, \u00een traducere turceasc\u0103 \u2013 link audio<\/u> <\/span><\/a>). \u00cen \u021a\u0103rile Rom\u00e2ne, aceast\u0103 muzic\u0103 \u0219i-a f\u0103cut apari\u021bia \u00een perioada 1711-1716, odat\u0103 cu sosirea domnitorilor fanario\u021bi, care, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 alaiul lor de creditori, boieri otomani \u0219i rude, \u0219i-au adus \u0219i muzican\u021bi turci – de\u0219i cuv\u00e2ntul manea<\/em>, atribuit acestei muzici, apare abia dup\u0103 anii 1800.<\/p>\n

La scurt timp, muzica a fost preluat\u0103 \u0219i interpretat\u0103 \u0219i pe la cur\u021bile boierilor rom\u00e2ni, nu neap\u0103rat de melomani ce erau, c\u00e2t mai degrab\u0103 pentru a imita \u0219i a afi\u0219a un anume stil de via\u021b\u0103. Ascultarea acestei muzici era un privilegiu aristocratic, al elitelor (politice), la care masele nu aveau acces. Simbolic, reprezenta \u0219i o delimitare de cet\u0103\u021benii obi\u0219nui\u021bi. Aceast\u0103 transla\u021bie, de la Instanbul \u00een \u021a\u0103rile Rom\u00e2ne, a \u00eensemnat \u0219i o (prim\u0103) simplificare a stilului. Se poate face o paralel\u0103 cu asimilarea culturii franceze de mai t\u00e2rziu: de\u0219i se puteau remarca o serie de similitudini, nu era chiar ca originalul – la noi era mai cu furculision<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Acestea fiind zise, din start am demontat unele mituri care circul\u0103 \u00een prezent cu privire la acest gen muzical: c\u0103 maneaua a ap\u0103rut dup\u0103 1990, c\u0103 ar fi o muzic\u0103 \u0163ig\u0103neasc\u0103 sau c\u0103 \u0219i-ar avea r\u0103d\u0103cinile \u00een muzica l\u0103ut\u0103reasc\u0103. C\u0103 ulterior a \u00eemprumutat elemente \u0219i din muzica l\u0103ut\u0103reasc\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103, da’ din ce n-a \u00eemprumutat? Influen\u021bele orientale, balcanice, grece\u0219ti, s\u00e2rbe\u0219ti aproape c\u0103 nici nu mai are rost s\u0103 le preciz\u0103m, \u00eens\u0103 acestea s-au amestecat cu stiluri din mainstreamul american \u2013 Pop, Dance, Hip Hop etc. – \u0219i din orice alt stil care a fost suficient de la vedere<\/em> pentru m\u00e2na lung\u0103 a celor care produc acest gen de muzic\u0103. Nici muzica clasic\u0103, \u00een special Mozart, n-a sc\u0103pat de ocupa\u021bia cotropitorilor. La c\u00e2t de mult se fur\u0103, \u0219i din c\u00e2t de multe surse, e greu s\u0103 mai dai de urma muzicii (sau a banilor). Avem, a\u0219adar, kitsch-ul suprem. Ghiveciul prin excelen\u021b\u0103. \u00cen prezent, muzica sun\u0103 cam la fel cum se prezint\u0103 vestimenta\u021bia celor care o ascult\u0103: pantofi cu trening Adidas, \u0219apc\u0103, e\u0219arf\u0103, c\u0103ma\u0219\u0103 descheiat\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la buric, lan\u021b la vedere, br\u0103\u021bar\u0103 l\u00e2ng\u0103 ceas, ochelari de soare pe frunte – toate astea asortate la o pung\u0103 de semin\u021be.<\/p>\n

Revenind… Vorbeam de o prim\u0103 simplificare prin aducerea manelelor \u00een \u021a\u0103rile Rom\u00e2ne \u0219i interpretarea lor pe la cur\u021bile boierilor rom\u00e2ni, \u00eens\u0103 acestea au continuat s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 o muzic\u0103 instrumental\u0103 \u0219i apanajul celor cu o anumit\u0103 stare \u0219i pozi\u021bie social\u0103, oarecum ferit\u0103 de omul de r\u00e2nd. Cea de-a doua modificare, \u0219i hot\u0103r\u00e2toare pentru felul \u00een care se prezint\u0103 \u00een momentul de fa\u021b\u0103 – pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 o mic\u0103 schimbare a ritmului -, a fost ad\u0103ugarea versurilor peste aceste variante instrumentale.<\/p>\n

Cel mai important versificator al vremii a fost Anton Pann (da, cel care a compus imnul na\u021bional \u2013 suntem, a\u0219adar, \u00eentr-un fel, ombilical lega\u021bi de acest stil muzical). O parte dintre versurile scrise de acesta pentru manele erau de inspira\u021bie folcloric\u0103, unele simpliste, cu destule onomatopee (pentru care a \u0219i fost criticat de unii intelectuali), de tipul \u201eof, of, of\u201d, \u201ehop, hop, hop \u0219i \u021bop, \u021bop, \u021bop\u201d, \u201edorule, dorule\u201d (hi, hi, hi \u0219i ha, ha, ha<\/em>), \u00eens\u0103 au fost \u0219i versuri mai complexe, cu o anumit\u0103 valoare poetic\u0103.<\/p>\n

Combina\u021bia de versuri accesibile \u0219i de ritm dansant, simplu \u0219i repetitiv, a fost dragoste la prima vedere pentru mahala. Au preluat instant stilul muzical. Ini\u021bial au preluat manelele a\u0219a cum erau (cu o interpretare precar\u0103 a l\u0103utarilor de pe la periferii), iar cuvintele pe care nu le \u00een\u021belegeau, sau nu le cuno\u0219teau, le st\u00e2lceau sau inventau altele noi. (Asta \u00eemi aduce aminte de anii ’90, c\u00e2nd hiturile \u00een limba englez\u0103 p\u0103trundeau \u0219i \u00een \u021bara noastr\u0103, \u00eentr-o societate care nu avusese vreo tangen\u021b\u0103 cu limba englez\u0103. Astfel, puteai auzi fredon\u00e2ndu-se destul de frecvent refrene ca \u201eO, meanciu bos<\/em> \u2013 \u00eensemn\u00e2nd All that she wants<\/em>, de la Ace of Base\u201d, \u201eCarnagio<\/em> \u2013 Cotton Eye Joe<\/em>, Rednex\u201d \u0219i, tot aici, chiar dac\u0103 nu e de sorginte rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, pentru a \u00een\u021belege mai bine fenomenul, nu se poate s\u0103 nu amintim de clasicul \u201eSon Reebok or son Nike?<\/em> \u2013 Rhythm of the Night<\/em>, Corona – link audio<\/span>\u00a0.<\/u><\/a><\/span>) La scurt timp dup\u0103 ce s-a l\u0103sat fermecat\u0103 de acest stil muzical, mahalaua nu s-a mul\u021bumit doar s\u0103 \u00a0interpreteze c\u00e2ntecele oficiale<\/em>, ci a \u00eenceput s\u0103-\u015fi spun\u0103 propriile pove\u0219ti (cu temele, probleme \u0219i interesele periferiei) pe noile<\/em> ritmuri, \u00eens\u0103 educa\u021bia mai mult dec\u00e2t aproximativ\u0103 avea s\u0103 se vad\u0103 \u00een precaritatea limbajului \u0219i \u00een exprimarea dezastruoas\u0103.<\/p>\n

Cam a\u0219a suna o manea pe la 1850, compus\u0103 de Anton Pann: C\u00e2nd eram mai tineric\u0103<\/em> – link audio<\/u><\/span><\/a>. Interpretarea sopranei ne poate duce cu g\u00e2ndul la alt gen de muzic\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 ritmul, pe care to\u021bi \u00eel cunoa\u0219tem \u0219i \u00eel \u00eendr\u0103gim, este destul de limpede c\u0103rui stil apar\u021bine. (Sau nu? Sau nu \u00eel \u00eendr\u0103gim cu to\u021bii?) Acela\u0219i ritm s-a p\u0103strat p\u00e2n\u0103 azi, \u00eens\u0103, de obicei, acum manele au un tempo mai rapid pentru ca bomba<\/em> bombelor<\/em> s\u0103 poat\u0103 da mai eficient din motoare<\/em>. Este ceva foarte special \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu acest ritm, ceva mistic. A reu\u0219it \u00eenc\u0103 din primul moment s\u0103 farmece mahalaua \u0219i, iat\u0103 c\u0103, dup\u0103 aproape 200 de ani, nu \u015fi-a pierdut deloc din vigoare, dimpotriv\u0103 \u2013 mahalaua pare din ce \u00een ce mai surprins\u0103 de el, manifest\u00e2nd un interes mai ridicat dec\u00e2t oric\u00e2nd. E ceva \u00een acest ritm care se adreseaz\u0103 direct esen\u021bei umane: nealterate de vreo carte, articol de ziar, s\u0103pun, polite\u021buri de fa\u021bad\u0103 sau manierisme desuete.<\/p>\n

Pentru a continua arcul peste timp avem de acoperit o por\u021biune important\u0103, \u0219i anume perioada regimului comunist. Fenomenul manelelor luase amploare, astfel c\u0103 \u00een perioada interbelic\u0103 (\u015fi chiar \u00eenainte) \u00eencepuser\u0103 s\u0103 se \u00eenchege chefurile (apropiate de cum sunt ast\u0103zi), s\u0103 curg\u0103 b\u0103utura, domni\u0219oarele \u0219i doamnele s\u0103 se rup\u0103 \u00een figuri prin dansuri lascive din buric, junii \u0219i b\u0103rba\u021bii s\u0103 etaleze o bravad\u0103 prosteasc\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 odat\u0103 cu instalarea comunismului nu prea s-a mai auzit nici p\u00e2s. Nu se \u0219tie exact de ce \u0219i unde au disp\u0103rut manelele \u00een aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103. Ai zice c\u0103 odat\u0103 ajuns\u0103 la putere, mahalaua \u00ee\u0219i va ridica \u0219i muzica preferat\u0103 pe noi culmi. Cel mai probabil, liderii regimului au sesizat capacitatea acestui curent muzical de-a aduce grupuri mari de oameni laolalt\u0103, iar acest lucru era de evitat \u2013 c\u0103 poate le vin idei. \u0218tim bine c\u0103 \u00een perioada comunist\u0103 evenimentele care implicau grupuri mari de oameni erau strict supravegheate, iar spontaneitatea lor intens repetat\u0103. A\u0219a c\u0103, cel mai probabil, manelele au fost cenzurate.<\/p>\n

Muzica l\u0103ut\u0103reasc\u0103 a fost tolerat\u0103, maneaua cenzurat\u0103: poate de aici \u0219i o oarecare simpatie cu care manelele au fost \u00eent\u00e2mpinate, c\u00e2nd \u015fi-au ref\u0103cut apari\u021bia dup\u0103 1990, de unii dintre cei care mai aveau vagi amintiri despre existen\u021ba lor. Ace\u0219tia au privit manelele ca pe un curent underground de care regimul se temea, care, dac\u0103 n-a fost pe placul regimului, \u00eensemna c\u0103 aceast\u0103 cenzur\u0103 s-ar fi datorat faptului c\u0103 s-ar fi opus (\u00een vreun fel) regimului.<\/p>\n

Ajungem \u0219i \u00een prezent – 2017. S-au scurs aproape 30 de ani de c\u00e2nd manelele au revenit \u00een aten\u021bia societ\u0103\u021bii rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti \u0219i, \u00een pofida a numeroase \u00eencerc\u0103ri de discreditare, marginalizare sau chiar de interzicere a lor din partea unor reprezentan\u021bi ai elitei intelectuale \u0219i a oficialit\u0103\u021bilor, au fost \u0219i au r\u0103mas principalul gen muzical consumat de c\u0103tre publicul larg, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103-\u015fi piard\u0103 vreo clip\u0103 din anvergura dob\u00e2ndit\u0103. Este evident c\u0103 nu-i vorba de o mod\u0103 sezonier\u0103, cum mul\u021bi sperau, care s\u0103 treac\u0103 de la sine.<\/p>\n

Poate fi tentant s\u0103 \u00eencerci s\u0103 blamezi stilul pentru starea actual\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 nu stilul, \u00een sine, poart\u0103 vina. Nu scrie nic\u0103ieri \u00een prospectul stilului c\u0103-i musai s\u0103 folose\u0219ti creier pu\u021bin \u0219i prost-gust pentru a-l produce. Ar fi interesant dac\u0103 muzicieni \u0219i textieri talenta\u021bi ar relua manelele de la 1850, \u00een stadiul \u00een care le-a l\u0103sat Anton Pann (Leli\u021b\u0103 S\u0103fti\u0163\u0103<\/em> \u2013 link audio<\/u><\/span><\/a>, P\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd nu te iubeam<\/em> – link audio<\/u><\/span><\/a>, Nu mai poci de ostenit – <\/em>link audio<\/u><\/span><\/a>), \u0219i le-ar dezvolta \u00eentr-o cu totul alt\u0103 direc\u021bie dec\u00e2t cea pe care au apucat-o. De\u0219i, pentru \u00eenceput, n-ar fi prea onorant s\u0103 fie colegi cu tot felul de minuni<\/em> \u0219i vijelii<\/em>, cred c\u0103, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, publicul ar sesiza diferen\u021ba. S-ar putea ca aceasta s\u0103 fie singura solu\u021bie de a mai tempera din adeziunea societ\u0103\u021bii rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti la con\u021binutul reprobabil actual: d\u00e2ndu-i manele de calitate.<\/p>\n

\u015ei cam acesta a fost anevoiosul traseu al manelei, din palat \u00een cocin\u0103, cu aproape zero \u0219anse de-a mai reveni la statutul ini\u021bial.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Poate c\u0103 azi ar putea p\u0103rea surprinz\u0103tor pentru mult\u0103 lume, \u00eens\u0103, la origine, maneaua este un gen muzical cult. Era o muzic\u0103 instrumental\u0103 interpretat\u0103 la curtea sultanului \u0219i pe la alte cur\u021bi domne\u0219ti \u00een vremea Imperiului Otoman. Printre cei care au compus \u0219i au cules c\u00e2ntece otomane ce pot fi asemuite manelei culte a … Continue reading Maneaua. Din palat \u00een cocin\u0103<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ryu.ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/157"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ryu.ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ryu.ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ryu.ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ryu.ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=157"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/www.ryu.ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/157\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":208,"href":"https:\/\/www.ryu.ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/157\/revisions\/208"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ryu.ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=157"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ryu.ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=157"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ryu.ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=157"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}